Saturday, July 11, 2020
Tips for Ideas For Presentation Topics
Tips for Ideas For Presentation TopicsIf you have a presentation to give and would like some ideas for presentation topics then you will want to learn how to choose them. Presenting can be a daunting task but with a little guidance you can make the best of it. You can find some ideas for presentation topics in many different places.The first good idea is to simply look around you. Look at your own personal history, for example how would your family members and close friends like to do things. Once you identify their style of doing things you can use that as a basis for your presentation. Even if they are no longer living you can still use this as a base for the kind of topics you will speak about.Once you know where people like to go then you need to find out where they like to eat and see if they have recommendations. You should also make a list of general questions that you would like to ask. This can be used to get ideas for any kind of presentation you may be going to.Look at oth er people's presentations and what kind of ideas for presentation they used and try to compare it to your own. Always make sure that your presentation is unique. If you are asked to present on the same topic as someone else, it can easily make it sound boring and run a very obvious. Try to come up with something original, even if it takes you a while to do this.Keep in mind that presentation is not all about just telling people what you know. It is more about giving them a good reason to continue to listen to you. So you should always give them a few reasons for listening to you. If you make a presentation that makes people want to talk then you will be well on your way to creating an impact on them.Your presentation will be far more interesting if you are able to demonstrate your knowledge on the topic. Using a few good examples or even using pictures can help you demonstrate that you know what you are talking about. People can visualize the problems that you are trying to solve an d this can help them remember your ideas for presentation topics.For ideas for presentation topics you might consider asking people who might be able to help you with these kinds of tasks. Find someone who does this regularly and show them what you have done so far and see if they could use any of the ideas for the presentation that you have. They may even offer to work with you and make some suggestions for presentation topics for you.Finding good ideas for presentation topics doesn't have to be very difficult. You just need to take the time to find them. It is far better to make a good first impression than it is to lose the opportunity to make a good one.
Tuesday, June 30, 2020
Nature of Capitalism Capitalist Economic System Today - 825 Words
Nature of Capitalism: Capitalist Economic System Today (Article Sample) Content: Students NameProfessors NameCourseDateThe Nature of CapitalismQuestion 1One of the strongest moral arguement or consideration in favor of capitalism is Adam Smiths concept of the invisible hand. Adam Smith who is considered as the father of economics argued that whenever people are left to pursue their interests and targets, they normally exceed it by producing the greatest good for all. He further stated that, each individual and his/her pursuit of wealth is guided by an invisible hand which is beneficial to the organization and the society as a whole due to its distribution of the limited economic resources. However, what Adam Smith did not take into account is the fact that human beings are acquisitive. We tend to have a natural propensity for trading and we are people of self-interest. Therefore, we get what we need from others by offering them something they need. This leads to trade and as a result, division of labor and the production process is created. Since human beings are materialistic and self-serving, engaging in labor and trading is a way that results in the greatest benefit to society. If we try to advance our self-serving economic interests, we also promote the economic well-being of the society.Critics argue that capitalism has lead to a profound economic inequality system. The difference in personal incomes is enormous and over the past few years, that difference has increased more than ever anticipated. This is further compounded by the fact that a minority of the population owns majority of the countrys wealth; while the society is marred by extreme poverty, and lack or poor housing. Supporters of capitalism claim that, it is a fair economic system but, reality seems to challenge that notion of fairness (William.H.Shaw 123)Question 2Capitalism has managed to evolve over the years to what it is today. The mercantile capitalism which advocated for mutual dependence between commercial interests and the state is no longer realis tic and viable. However, some of the characteristics such as use of gold as a measure of governments wealth and financial strenght, and as a safe storage of ones or states wealth is still applicable today. The mercantile capitalism was replaced by industrial capitalism which brought to the fore a sound financial system, introduced use of technology in production, and expanded markets. With the success of the industrial period, many industries set out to strengthen their financing systems which eventually lead to the financial capitalism. It was characterized by the formation of trusts and holding companies, and unprecedented growth of the banking and insurance sectors.After the Great Depression of the 1930s, a new phase of capitalism emerged. State welfare capitalism lead to the governments active involvement in the economy and its use of fiscal and monetary policies to influence the economy. Furthermore, the government introduced programs such as social security and insurance for t he unemployed, and legitimizing the existence of trade unions. Today, we are in a new phase of capitalism referred to as globalized capitalism. We live in a world where even the traditional socialist nations have capitalist tendencies even though they are reluctant to admit it. This phase of capitalism is characterized by international trade which is made easier by technological advancements. However, we still have doses of the state welfare capitalism with programs such as social security and unemployment insurance still in operational (William.H.Shaw 117-118)Question 3Today capitalism is not similar to the laissez-faire model. Huge companies and institutions control markets and are capable of swaying government policies in their favor. This has left small-scale businesses and enterpreneurs at their mercy. In all countries in the world, governments actively participate in the economic realm; through the famous invisible hand. Man...
Wednesday, May 20, 2020
Workplace Protection for Unpaid Interns - 783 Words
Workplace Protection for Unpaid Interns Sexual harassment claims from unpaid interns against companies have been consistently dismissed. Current legal precedent forces students who accepting unpaid internships into a pool of vulnerable, powerless, at risk population. Many cases go undocumented, interns are often disempowered, feeling inferior in the workplace, working for no pay (often actually paying tuition for the honor to work for free), report to multiple superiors. With hopes of a future job offer, interns who experience harassment may repress their feelings from this inappropriate behavior (Healey, 2011). According to David Yamada (2013), an intern must be directly paid by his or her internship site, to be affordedâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The Oregon Advocacy Commission in support of HB 2669 to the House Rules Committee summarized the goals of this policy and the benefits that would be afforded to interns; providing the protections that we all expect in the workplace to the hard working interns serving in so many offices state wide. During internships students are exposed to every working environment and situation which can included predatory, discriminatory environments. [...] We need to assure that they have rights and protections. Description of services Extending protections to unpaid interns from discrimination and retaliation on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, marital status, age, military service, and disability (Littler Mendelson, 2013), was a top priority of this bill. This nationwide issue has received national attention after several cases of sexual harassment being refused to be heard by the courts. Interns who are not receiving a paycheck are not employees under the Civil Rights Act -- and thus, theyre not protected (Hickman Thompson, 2013). Empowering interns to have legal access to their guaranteed civil rights has been an issue due to a legal loophole in language, while this has been a long standing issue, Oregon showed that it can be closed with a simple bill that had unanimous bi-partisan support. EligibilityShow MoreRelatedUnpaid Internship Is The Exploitation Of Student Workers908 Words à |à 4 PagesWith internships both paid and unpaid, you are gaining valuable work experience in the career you pursuing after college. Today most employers will require that the student performed some type of internship to even be considered for employment. However paid internships are much more beneficial to the interns and to the employers than unpaid internships. With a paid internship you bypass almost all legal issues that may be involved in an unpaid internship and an intern is being paid for their time withRead MoreUnpaid Internship, An Opportunity Or A Tragedy?894 Words à |à 4 PagesNhu Truong Prof. Nader IS 301L, GWAR Portfolio Writing #2 November 6, 2014 Unpaid Internship, an Opportunity or a Tragedy? Since the great economic recession in 2008, the United Stateââ¬â¢s job market has become a fierce competition in which newly graduates have to contend not only with their peers but also the existing experienced workers. The changing economic condition makes ââ¬Å"experienceâ⬠the only valuable key to enter todayââ¬â¢s workforce. As the college studentsââ¬â¢ desire to seek work experienceRead MorePersuasive Essay : Unpaid Internships1392 Words à |à 6 Pagesvast number of options and find the best fitted placement to fulfill their interests. Furthermore, unpaid internships are merely a simulation of a real job, losing the seriousness and responsibility the last one usually possesses. In some cases, employers utilize internships as an opportunity to exploit a free labor source instead of teaching the basics of the professional world to his or her interns. These drawbacks are making impossible for apprentices to acquire full benefits from this opportunityRead Mor eAll Work And No Pay : The Ethical, Economic And Social Debate On Unpaid Internships3016 Words à |à 13 PagesAll Work and No Pay: The Ethical, Economic and Social Debate on Unpaid Internships 1. Introduction Our present day job market has seen a marked increase in competition among college graduates. Over the past 40 years, we have seen a 20 percent increase in bachelorââ¬â¢s degrees in citizens over the age of 25 (ââ¬Å"Fast Factsâ⬠1). This increase in degree holders has exacerbated the competition of our job markets and has forced workers to seek a further competitive edge. According to an annual survey by theRead MoreDiscrimination, Discrimination And Discrimination Essay2406 Words à |à 10 Pagesmade sure to follow, his coworkers still began treating him differently. They began calling him ââ¬Å"terrorist.â⬠Alcantara complained they began making comments such as ââ¬Å"good morning, terrorist,â⬠or ââ¬Å"come here, terrorist.â⬠Comments like that in the workplace are completely out of line and extremely offensive. Nobody should have to experience any sort of discrimination like that. Alcantara decided to complain to the human resources department and have them handle the situation; however, he did not receiveRead MoreAn Unpaid Internship A Wise Move For Job Seekers3263 Words à |à 14 PagesIntroduction Is taking an unpaid internship a wise move for job seekers to get started in their career path? Or is it worth for the interns working as cheap labor? During the last two decades, with the ebbs of economy more frequent than its flows worldwide, an outgrowth of tough employment market has triggered the explosion of unpaid internships which have, on the one hand, allowed private sector employers to minimize their business costs by leveraging the cheap labor, on the other, plunged jobRead MoreNordstrom Human Resource Paper5437 Words à |à 22 PagesNordstrom, this makes for an exciting retail environment and value the richness it brings to our Company. One of the best ways Nordstrom has found to provide excellent customer service is by ensuring what reflects the communities it serve: ââ¬Å"having a workplace that attracts and supports diversity, benefits both customers and employees.â⬠(Nordstrom, 2009) Nordstrom believes each of their employees has the opportunity to realize thei r potential and contribute to the success of their Company. This philosophyRead MoreCipd5571 Words à |à 23 Pages | |Apprentices | |Interns | |Volunteer Read MoreThe Evolution Of China s Labor Market System3965 Words à |à 16 Pagestrends in the United States. Outline the collective bargaining process and its advantages to workers. Compare and contrast wages and working conditions in both countries. Discuss the development of major labor laws that correlate with equality in the workplace. Compare and contrast grievance systems and discuss due process. Explore conflict management and communication styles from the Chinese perspective. Forecast technological implications on the future labor market. This paper will conclude with finalRead MoreAn Open Door Policy Between Team Teams6780 Words à |à 28 Pagescustomers want to be. Every Monday morning we have a ââ¬Å"Reaching Our Goalsâ⬠meeting to discuss ideas for promotions, sales goals for the week, and recognize achievements in customer service, sales quotas, and being a team player. Our goal is to create a workplace where our team members feel like family, enjoy the work they do, and feel rewarded and respected. II. Meet Your Human Resource Team Michelle Layman ââ¬â Human Resource Manager Office: 253-555-2101 mlayman@bobssporting.com Michelle works closely with
Tuesday, May 19, 2020
Analysis Of `` Forgiving My Father And `` A Rose For Emily ``
Lucille Cliftonââ¬â¢s and William Faulknerââ¬â¢s characters in ââ¬Å"Forgiving my Fatherâ⬠and ââ¬Å"A Rose for Emilyâ⬠demonstrate sections of the authors personal lives and their past experiences, and the works give insight into the styles along with the flow that the authors use when they write pieces like these. The authors characters in the stories are also similarly written, being that some of the problems that they face in the stories. The way that Clifton and Faulkner write pieces like these can often leave them open to interpretation to the people that read them. Clifton and Faulkner are also known for writing from personal standpoints whenever they write a poem or other form of literature, this helps them connect with readers on personal levels which are why they are well known. Even though the authors have similarities they also have differences in some of the topics that they write about, these two works are key to showing that they can be similar at the time. When Faulkner writes a story he usually uses his past environments as the setting, but changes the names of the places and people in which these events occur. Faulkner is also known for using people in his family as characters for some stories, but changing their names. In the F section of Twentieth Century American literature, there is a brief summary of Faulknerââ¬â¢s life that informs him about parts of his childhood and leads into his adulthood, but also tells us that in his later years his stories can be related back toShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words à |à 702 Pagesthis 11th edition. Who would have thought that interest in mistakes would be so enduring? Many of you are past users, a few even for decades. I hope you will find this new edition a worthy successor to earlier editions. I think this may even be my best book. The new Google and Starbucks cases should arouse keen student interest, and may even inspire another generation of entrepreneurs. A fair number of the older cases have faced significant changes in the last few years, for better or for
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
What Caused The American Civil War - 1634 Words
What caused the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865? There has been several different debates and disputes about the causes of the American Civil War. Historians have stated slavery was the primary cause of the American Civil War, while other historians have argued there were other causes and effects in conjunction with slavery. Research has shown all historians did agree upon the division between the North, known as the Union, and the South, known as the Confederacy, battled on the soil of the United States of America (Stampp, 1965). This battle between these two states is what created the war known as the ââ¬Å"American Civil War.â⬠The American Civil War erupted on April 12, 1861. The war began as a result of many years ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The North was against slavery as a foundation in the South, whereas the Confederate States were the only region in the world who legalized slave ownership. As a result, the southerners became angered as it had threatened their way of life. The United States Presidential election of Abraham Lincoln posed a threat to slavery in the South. Furthermore, the economic differences between the North and South were developed and became another issue. The South were agricultural states and rely upon on cultivation rather than industrialization (Egnal, 2009). Nevertheless, following the discovery of the cotton flower, cotton expanded the need for slave ownerships and this is how cotton became the main crop of the South. The South has been able to produce about 90% of the world s supply of cotton. The increase of cotton was the cause for the South s reliance on the plantation system as well as the need for slavery. In contrast, the North was flourishing commercially and was afraid that the slave-based economy in the South might have an overall effect on their economy. The North was highly dependent on factories and other machine-based businesses. As a result, majority of new immigrants resided in the northern states, while very few settled down south. The North primary focus was on the industrial growth, which ended up making the South more bitter towardsShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War : The And Soul Of The United States Of America1749 Words à |à 7 Pagesstatesââ¬â¢ opinions. Then, the Civil War happened. This war was one of the most pivotal points in American history. The government tried to make a decision on its own without the consent of the country as a whole. This led to the destruction of the rights of the people. The destruction of the rights of the people gave the majority of the power to the federal government, who have abused it, repeatedly, ever since. America has gone throug h very dark time as a result of the Civil War. These are the three mostRead MoreDebate on Civil War1069 Words à |à 5 PagesAmerican Historiansââ¬â¢ Debate on the Civil War The American Civil War has without a doubt left a permanent divide on this great nationââ¬â¢s past and present. American historians still debate the causes of a war that began in 1861 between the Union states and Confederacy states. The war can be seen as caused by the principle of slavery, the growing tension between northern and southern ideology or due to a crack in the political system of the time. United Statesââ¬â¢ history classes focus on teaching studentsRead MoreThe American Civil War981 Words à |à 4 PagesThe American Civil War was one of the major events in history that helped develop America to what it is today. Many people think that the American Civil War was fought over the issue of slavery alone, but in reality it was caused by many disagreements and events between the northern free states and southern slave states that occurred prior to the war. Monetary alterations were one of the main reasons the North and South had many conflicts and differences in belief s. The Civil War was an inevitableRead MoreFrederick Douglass : An Unfortunate Time1697 Words à |à 7 PagesFrederick Douglass was born in an unfortunate time period, considering he was born a slave. He was born in a town of Maryland entitled Talbot County. What is surprising about Douglass is the fact that historians do not know the exact year and date he was born, even Frederick does not know his own birthday. Later in Douglassââ¬â¢s life, he was sent to a home of Hugh Auld in Baltimore. This is where the masterââ¬â¢s wife, Sophia, taught Douglass how to read and write, which most slaves were denied this privilegeRead MoreAmerican War And The American Civil War1551 Words à |à 7 Pagesbetween the North and the South which then caused the Southern states of America to decide to leave the American Union and create their own Southern Confederacy. This tore our nation apart. The American Civil War had begun and the very people that were once neighbors had each otherââ¬â¢s blood on their hands. Many American lives had been lost. The American lives lost in the Civil War even exceeded the number of American lives lost during World War I and World War II. We were divided. The North wanted toRead MoreThe Kansas Nebraska Act Was A Plan Drafted By Stephen A. Douglas1472 Words à |à 6 Pagesââ¬Å"Both parties deprecated war; but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive; and the other would accept war rather than let it perish. And the war came,â⬠(Abraham Lincoln). The American Civil War was caused by the enmity and growing friction between the Northerners and the Southerners, mostly over slavery. The enmity and friction reached to such a level that the Southerners left the Union. The Northerners had to accept the Civil War because without the war, the South would be goneRead MoreTaking a Look at the Civil War 816 Words à |à 3 PagesThe Civil War Do you how many people died in the Civil War? The answer is 620,000 soldiers died in the civil war according to (PBS.org),but do you know what caused the Civil War or do you know how many slaves were in the Civil War? The Civil War changed the lives of many people and specifically Americans, it was the first ever Civil War in the U.S., many people lost their lives for the Civil war, and many slaves lives were changed after the civil war. This war would lead up to The Civil RightsRead MoreThe Civil War Was Fought Over African American Freedom1331 Words à |à 6 Pagesquestioned what was the cause of the civil war. Till this day there has not been a straightforward answer, but many people still have different views and beliefs on what caused it. Many people believe that political issues or even taxation was the cause of the civil war. However, it was really over slavery. This essay will go over the civil war and explain why slavery caused the southerners and northerners to fight i n the civil war. To what extent was the Civil War fought over African American freedomRead MoreThe American Civil War, Wars, And Rumors Of Wars1183 Words à |à 5 PagesThe American Civil War Wars, Wars and rumors of wars!!!! Everyone knows the United States has had its fair share of wars. Let me start by giving you a brief list of wars the United States has participated in according to Wikipedia. Both ââ¬Å"Barbary Wars (1801-1805, 1815-1816), Wars of 1812, Mexican-American War (1846-48), American Civil War (1861-65), Indian War (1865-91), Spanish-American War( 1898), Philippine-American War (1899-1902) Border War(Mexican Revolutionary)1910-1919, World War I (1917-18)Read MoreA Brief Note On The American Civil War1375 Words à |à 6 PagesCollege European Involvement in the Civil War Jillisa Halverson History 151 Instructor: Dan Anderson December 5, 2015 The American Civil War represents a significant period in United States history. In this essay we will explore foreign involvement in the Civil War. We will specifically look at the roles of France and Great Britain played and how they used military positioning in Canada and off the US coast to affect the war. Finally, we will look at which foreign entities
How Athletes Can Compete On A Level Playing Field
Michael Bonfiglio Mr. Husar, Teofil English-111-26 6 December 2015 Doping in Sports ââ¬Å"It s important that athletes can compete on a level playing field. And youngsters coming into the sport can know that if they are working hard and training hard, they ll see a true reflection of where they stand and what they can achieve worldwide and not be swayed by people who are cheating.â⬠This was said by Paula Jane Radcliffe, English long-distance runner and Olympian. Cheating is and never has been a good thing. In sports there are many different forms of cheating. Whether is comes through illegal taping, bribes, or foul play, it is never the way to go. Undoubtedly the most extreme and controversial form of cheating is through the use of PEDs,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The use of PEDââ¬â¢s is unscrupulous mainly because of two reasons. The first being that it is immoral and unfair. Athletes in this day and age make enough money from their multimillion dollar contracts to afford the best trainers, as well at practice facilities that money can buy. Also sports are not solely about winning. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s not about whether you win or lose, itââ¬â¢s how you played the game,â⬠once meant something. Nowadays fair play seems to be a dying trade and playing with the advantage of PEDs isnââ¬â¢t right. The second reason as to why the uses of PEDs is not good is the health complications they can cause for the user. The use of steroids can have serious threats to the userââ¬â¢s health, including liver damage, crippled reproductive functions, tumors in the liver as well as kidneys, heart conditions, and even psychiatric symptoms. Steroid abuse can also disrupt the bodyââ¬â¢s production of hormones, causing both some reversible and permanent changes. Reversible changes include reduced sperm count as well as shrinking of the testicles. Some of the reversible changes include male-pattern baldness and even breast development in men. Steroid abuse has also been associated with cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and str okes, even in athletes younger than 30. Even with all of these threats to their health athletes
Development During Early Adolescence free essay sample
Can these changes have a significant impact on a variety of developmental outcomes of identity, morality, transitional stages, beginning of puberty and the full commitment to an adult social role, and sexual maturity? Hence, because of the potential impact of these changes, it is important to understand the cycles of adolescents. Life has store many surprises for us as we develop throughout our whole life span. Developmental stages are the progress that occurs in humans from the time they are born until they grow old and die. Originally beginning with infants and children, development will subsequently progress into adolescence, followed by adult, and lastly elderly. The development occurs in many fields, namely physical, perceptual, cognitive, moral and social. Derived from the Latin verb adolescere (to grow into maturity), adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescent is a distinct and dynamic phase of development in the life of an individual. It is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood and is characterized by spurts of physical, mental, emotional and social development. Who considers adolescence to be the period between 10-19 years of age, which generally encompasses the time from the beginning of puberty to the full legal age. The early adolescent developmental period is when individuals experience many changes, including the biological changes associated with puberty, important changes in relations with family and peers, and the social and educational changes related to transition from elementary to middle school (Wigfield, Byrnes, Eccles, 2002). The biological changes that occur at early adolescence are dramatic, as anyone working with this age group knows (Susman Rogel, 2004). Pubertal developments, the timings of puberty is quite different for girls and boys; girls enter puberty approximately 18 months before boys do, which means that during early adolescence, girls mature faster. Adolescence can be prolonged, brief, or practically nonexistent, depending on the culture of their society. Adolescence is somewhere between childhood and adulthood. It is also the period of life between the beginning of puberty and the full commitment to an adult social role, such as worker or parent. It is filled with constant change, uncertainty, but it can be wonderful and full of expectation. Everything a child learned to believe is suddenly challenged. One day you are a cute child that everybody seemed to adore, and the next day your skin and body are changing. Adolescence is a challenging period for both children and their parents. Three stages of adolescence early, middle, and late, are experienced by most teens, but the age at which each stage is reached varies greatly from child to child. These different rates of maturation are connected to physical development and hormone balance, neither of which the child can control. For this reason, adolescents should be treated as individuals and any guidelines should be modified to the particular child. It is very common to come across mood swings in this stage of development. Gene Roland Medinnus and Ronald C. Johnson state that during adolescence, children develop the ability to: â⬠¢ Understand abstract ideas, such as higher math concepts, and develop moral philosophies, including rights and privileges â⬠¢ Establish and maintain satisfying relationships by learning to share intimacy without feeling worried or inhibited. Move toward a more mature sense of themselves and their purpose â⬠¢ Question old values without losing their identity Adolescence begins when signs of sexual maturity begin to occur in both physical and social development and ends when the individual assumes adult roles and is concerned in most ways as an adult by his reference group. Female friendships are one of the most important dimensions of an adolescent girlââ¬â¢s life. Peer relationships and friendships are critical in the developing adolescentââ¬â¢s identity, behaviors, and overall health. These peer connections influence all areas of development including emotional, physical, spiritual, social, and cognitive. The movie ââ¬Å"Mean Girlsâ⬠addresses social behaviors and experiences that are common in female peer relationships throughout the adolescent years. ââ¬Å"Mean Girlsâ⬠has brought attention to girls mean behaviors and portrays a dark side of female peer relationships, in which girls act as bullies and use relationships to express anger or power through rumors, exclusion, secrets, or gossip. This movie shows the significant role that female peer relationships play. The functions of peer relationships in adolescence are to help support adolescents at a time when they are challenged with many new experiences, to encourage the development of emotional autonomy, to enable teens to form deeper forms of intimacy that will be needed in adulthood, and to improve social skills. Positive peer relationships cause less anxiety and depression in adolescents where as negative peer relationships may place an individual at risk for maladjustment. Adolescents who are generally disliked, aggressive, disruptive and cannot establish themselves in the peer culture are developmentally at risk. Having friends and peer acceptance are generally related to school competence, higher self-esteem, and better adjustments. Adolescence is a transitional stage of human development that occurs between childhood and adulthood. Teenagers (ages 13-19 years) are usually adolescent, though in some individual, puberty may extent a few years beyond the teenage years, and in some individuals puberty begins in the pre-teen years. Because adolescents are experiencing various strong cognitive and physical changes, for the first time in their lives they may start to view their friends, their peer group, as more important and influential than their parents. The American Heritage Dictionary defines the word cognition as; the mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning and judgment (Cognition). Because of peer pressure, they may sometimes indulge in activities not deemed socially acceptable. What is Peer Pressure? Peer pressure is the social pressure from friends or other people to accept certain beliefs or act in certain ways in order to be accepted. How and why do we get peers pressure? Everyone gives into peer pressure at one time or another, but why do people sometimes do things they didnââ¬â¢t want to do? Here are a few reasons. They are afraid of being rejected by others, want to be like and donââ¬â¢t want to lose a friend, want to appear grown up, donââ¬â¢t want to be made fun of, friends have a big influence on our lives, but sometimes they push us to do things we may not want to do. The first step to standing up to peer pressure is to understand it. The four main types of peer pressure is: 1. Rejection ââ¬â threatening to end a friendship or relationship. This pressure can be hard to resist as nobody wants to lose friends. 2. Reasoning ââ¬â telling a person reasons why they should try something or why it would be okay if they did it i. e. ââ¬Å"your parents would never find out. â⬠Identity is made of what drives an individual, the abilities they have, what they believe, and their personal history (Marcia, 1980). Identity is one of the main struggles in an adolescentââ¬â¢s life. It is very important that children receive the proper guidance while entering their adolescence from their parents and peers. Although they like to believe that they are capable of developing on their own, adolescents need parental guidance to develop their path of identity development. The relationship between a child and a parent plays an important role with an adolescent and his or her decisions about sex. (Chapman, Werner-Wilson 2008). Morality can be defined as the distinction between what is right and wrong or what is good and bad. Although, moral reasoning depends on culture which akes it difficult to define; most people donââ¬â¢t look at where these principles are coming from or what guides one through moral development. As children grow and learn, usually from care takers and people who inspire their every need, their morality changes based on several levels. Although researching of moral development goes as far back as Socrates, there are two psychologists that studied morality in depth and they are Lawrence Kohlberg and Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget was a cognitive developmental psychologist spending most of his time working with children and adolescents, including his own. Although, Piagetââ¬â¢s observation of moral development wasnââ¬â¢t in depth like Kohlberg, he allowed for a basic understanding. He believed that moral development occurred in stages. Piaget strongly believed in education and thought interaction in an education setting allowed children maximum potential in cognitive development. Piaget believed in many things, but when it came to moral development there were only two basic principles. The first principle was that children develop moral ideas in stages and could not skip stages, although movement from one stage to the other could vary in length. Lastly he believed that children create their own perception of their world, including whether their actions enforce what is morally right or wrong. ââ¬Å"Piagets ideas of moral realism and morality of cooperation play a role in Kohlbergs theory. Children in Piagets stage of moral realism believe that rules are absolute and cant be changed. Punishment should be determined by how much damage is done, and the intention of the child is not taken into account. A child has many milestones to reach through adolescence. The success of these milestones depends on normal development. Milestones can be challenging regardless of age and size. However, some children experience abnormal development and also delays. Detecting signs of abnormal development in certain age groups requires an understanding of development milestones. There for this leads us to the major physical, cognitive, self made motivational experience of adolescents that are a variety of developmental outcomes of identity, morality, transitional stages, beginnings of puberty and the full commitment to an adult social role, and sexual maturity.
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